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ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ื“ืงืœื”


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื”

ื“ืงืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื ืฉื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืงืจืื™ืช ืขืชื™ืงื” ืขื ื™ื•ืคื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™. ื”ืฉื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื“ืงืœ' - ืขืฅ ื”ืชืžืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืืจ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืกืžืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื• ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืฉื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืœืืช ื—ืŸ, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืชื "ืš ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ 'ื“ืงืœื”' ื›ืฉื ื’ื‘ืจื™ - ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื™ืงื˜ืŸ, ื ื›ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืŸ ื ื—. ื“ืงืœื” ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ ืœืฉื‘ื˜ ืขืจื‘ื™ ืขืชื™ืง, ื•ืฉืžื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืขืžื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉื ืขื‘ืจ ืชืžื•ืจื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื ื ืฉื™ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื, ื“ืงืœื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ืฉื ื ืฉื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื—ื ื•ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืกื•ืฆื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื™ื-ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™, ื—ื•ื, ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ืคืจื™ื—ื”. ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืงืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกืžืœื™ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ืื™ืชื ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื: 'ืฆื“ื™ืง ื›ืชืžืจ ื™ืคืจื—'. ื”ื“ืงืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ ืืจื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืชื ืื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืฉื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื - ื”ืชืžืจื™ื. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื™ื•ืคื™ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’. ื”ืื•ืช ื”' ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื’ื ื›ืื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ืœืฉื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - 'ื”ื“ืงืœ ืฉืœ ื”'', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืฅ ื”ืชืžืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ืจื. ื”ืฉื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืื• ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื•ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืืช ืื•ืชื•.

ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ืžื ื•ืงื“

ื“ึดึผืงึฐืœึธื”

ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Dikla | Diklah | Dicla

ื“ืงืœื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™:ื›ื•-ื›ื– - ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื™ื•ึนืงึฐื˜ึธืŸ ื™ึธืœึทื“ ืึถืชึพืึทืœึฐืžื•ึนื“ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืฉึธืืœึถืฃ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื—ึฒืฆึทืจึฐืžึธื•ึถืช ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื™ึธืจึทื—: ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื”ึฒื“ื•ึนืจึธื ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืื•ึผื–ึธืœ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพื“ึดึผืงึฐืœึธื”

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ืžืกืžืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช. ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืงืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื. ื”ืื•ืช ื”' ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื ืžืžื“ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืกื“. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉืคืข ื•ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ื“ืงืœื”

139

=

4

ื“

+

100

ืง

+

30

ืœ

+

5

ื”

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ื“ืงืœื”

4

=

4

ื“

+

100

ืง

+

30

ืœ

+

5

ื”

=

139

=

1

+

3

+

9

=

13

=

1

+

3

=

4

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื“ืงืœื”

ื“ืงืœื” ื“ื•ืจื™ - ืžื ื—ื” ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืจื“ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช | ื“ืงืœื” ืงืฆื™ืจ - ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช | ื“ืงืœื” ืฉื—ืจ - ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื” ื ืจืฉื

1947 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ื“ืงืœื”

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ื“ืงืœื” โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื