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ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ื•ืœืจื™


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™

ื•ืœืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื˜ื™ื ื™-ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื—ื“ืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื•ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื•ื”ืžืขืจื‘. ื”ืฉื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช 'valere' ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง', 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ื' ืื• 'ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš'. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช 'ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืก' (Valerius) ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืืฆื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื‘ ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื”ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื“ืจืš ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืฉื ืื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื•ืœืจื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” - ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืฉื ืฉื™ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื•ืœืจื™ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื ืžื“ื“ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฉื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื 'ื•ืœืจื™' ืื• 'ื•ืœืจื™', ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฉื ืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืœื• ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื•ืœืจื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืขื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.

ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ืžื ื•ืงื“

ื•ึทืœึถืจึดื™

ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Valeri | Valerie | Valery

ื•ืœืจื™ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื›ื•ื—, ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉืื• ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื‘ ื•ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืœืจื™

246

=

6

ื•

+

30

ืœ

+

200

ืจ

+

10

ื™

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืœืจื™

3

=

6

ื•

+

30

ืœ

+

200

ืจ

+

10

ื™

=

246

=

2

+

4

+

6

=

12

=

1

+

2

=

3

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™

ื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ (ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™) | ื•ืœืจื™ ืคืจืงืฉ (ืืžืŸ ื•ืžืขืฆื‘) | ื•ืœืจื™ ื’ืจื’ื™ื™ื‘ (ืžื ืฆื— ืจื•ืกื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื)

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™ ื ืจืฉื

254 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ื•ืœืจื™

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ื•ืœืจื™ โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื