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ืกืขื“ื™ื”


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื”

ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืžืจืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื” ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช: 'ืกืขื“' ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขื–ืจื”, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืกื™ื•ืข, ื•ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช 'ื™ื”' ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžืกืžืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ื™ื 'ื”' ืขื•ื–ืจื ื™' ืื• 'ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”'', ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืžื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ื”ืฉื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืชื "ืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช - ืจื‘ื ื• ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ (882-942 ืœืกืคื™ืจื”), ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ืžื‘ื“ื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื, ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื: ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžืงืจื, ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ 'ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืขื•ืช' ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืขื™. ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื•ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืืช ืžื•ืจืฉืชื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื”. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ืฉื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ืœืžื“ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื ื™ืฆืžื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ืชื•ืจื ื™, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื’ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื—, ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืชืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื• ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืคื•ืืจืช.

ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืกึฐืขึทื“ึฐื™ึธื”

ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Saadia | Seadia | Saadya | Saadiah

ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืžื”ืชื "ืš

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื ื›ื˜:ื™ - ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื“ึธึผื•ึดื“ ืœึทื”' ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึตืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื“. ื”ืกื™ื•ืžืช 'ื™ื”' ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื•ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื”

149

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60

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70

ืข

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4

ื“

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10

ื™

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5

ื”

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื”

5

=

60

ืก

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70

ืข

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4

ื“

+

10

ื™

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5

ื”

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149

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1

+

4

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9

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14

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1

+

4

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5

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื”

ืจื‘ื ื• ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ - ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ืžื‘ื“ื™ืชื ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ | ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืžืจืฆื™ืื ื• - ืจื‘ ื•ืžื—ื ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ | ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืขืžืจื - ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืคื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืกืขื“ื™ื”

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื ืจืฉื

403 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืกืขื“ื™ื”

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืกืขื“ื™ื” โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื