ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ

ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืจืชืงืช, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื: 'ืืœื›ืกื™ื™ืŸ' (alexein) ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• 'ืœื”ื’ืŸ' ืื• 'ืœืกื™ื™ืข', ื•-'ืื ื“ืจื•ืก' (andros) ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• 'ืื“ื' ืื• 'ื’ื‘ืจ'. ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื”: 'ืžื’ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช' ืื• 'ืžื’ืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื'. ื”ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ื•ืžืื– ื”ืคืš ืœืฉื ื ืคื•ืฅ ื•ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืคื’ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ) ืขื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืกืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ื™ืฆื ืœืงืจืืชื• ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื”ืžืœื. ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื™ืจื“ ืžืกื•ืกื• ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืคืžืœื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืชืขืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืชื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืงืจื‘ ืžื•ืฆืœื—. ืžืื–, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื”ืžืœืš ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช, ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื‘, ื•ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืื•ืคืงื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื—, ื•ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื—ื›ืžื”. ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืื• ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืžืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืื ืฉื™ ืžื“ืข ื•ืืžื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ืžืฉื“ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ืงื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื‘ื ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช, ืฉื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืš ื‘ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.

ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืึทืœึถื›ึฐึผืกึทื ึฐื“ึถืจ

ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Alexander | Alex | Sander | Xander

ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœ 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”' - ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืขื ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื—ืžืœื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ืืžืช.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ

365

=

1

ื

+

30

ืœ

+

20

ื›

+

60

ืก

+

50

ื 

+

4

ื“

+

200

ืจ

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ

5

=

1

ื

+

30

ืœ

+

20

ื›

+

60

ืก

+

50

ื 

+

4

ื“

+

200

ืจ

=

365

=

3

+

6

+

5

=

14

=

1

+

4

=

5

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ

ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ (ืžื•ืงื“ื•ืŸ) - ืžืœืš ืžืงื“ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืขื•ืœื | ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ - ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืจื•ืกื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ | ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื’ืจื”ื ื‘ืœ - ืžืžืฆื™ื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ | ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคืœืžื™ื ื’ - ืžื’ืœื” ื”ืคื ื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ | ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืžืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ - ืžืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ | ืืœื›ืก ืคืจื’ื•ืกื•ืŸ - ืžืืžืŸ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ | ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืกื•ืœื–'ื ื™ืฆื™ืŸ - ืกื•ืคืจ ืจื•ืกื™ ื—ืชืŸ ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื ืจืฉื

2369 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื