ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืžื•ื ื™ืงื”


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื”

ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื ืฉื™ ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืžืจืชืง, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืฉืžื•ืช: ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช "monere" ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” "ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ", "ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ" ืื• "ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš", ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” "monos" ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” "ื™ื—ื™ื“" ืื• "ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™". ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืงื•ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ืœืืœืช ื”ืคื•ื ื™ืงื™ืช "ืžื•ืŸ" ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”. ื”ืฉื ื”ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžื”ื™ืคื•, ืืžื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœืกืคื™ืจื”. ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืืžื•ื ื” ืขื–ื”, ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจื”, ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื•ื ื”. ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžื”ื™ืคื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืขื ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืขื ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืœื ืชื ืื™ ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื” ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืก, ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ื“ืขื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืขื ืืžืคืชื™ื”. ื”ืฉื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื ืกื ืก, ื•ื”ืคืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืงืชื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ, ืฉื ื ืชืคืก ื›ืฉื ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžืขืžื“. ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื”ืฉื ื—ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืงื•ื ื•ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืžืง ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆื ืกืคืจื“ื™-ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ืžืฉื“ืจ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ืœืฆื“ ื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชืคืก ื›ืฉื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืื•ืคื™ ื—ื–ืง, ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”. ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื ืชืคืกื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืขืฅ ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื”ืฉื ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืขื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช, ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืœื ืชื ืื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ ืงื•ืกืžื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืžืง ืื•ืคื™, ื•ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช.

ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืžื•ึนื ึดื™ืงึธื”

ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Monica | Monika | Monique

ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ืœืจื’ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžืกื™ืจื•ืช. ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืฉื ื–ื” ื ืชืคืกื•ืช ื›ื›ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืžื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืœื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื”

211

=

40

ืž

+

6

ื•

+

50

ื 

+

10

ื™

+

100

ืง

+

5

ื”

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื”

4

=

40

ืž

+

6

ื•

+

50

ื 

+

10

ื™

+

100

ืง

+

5

ื”

=

211

=

2

+

1

+

1

=

4

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื”

ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืกืงื™ - ืคืขื™ืœื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืžืจืฆื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช | ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื‘ืœื•ืฆ'ื™ - ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื™ืช ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช | ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืกืœืก - ืืœื•ืคืช ื˜ื ื™ืก ื™ื•ื’ื•ืกืœื‘ื™ืช-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช | ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื’ืœืจ - ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” 'ื—ื‘ืจื™ื' | ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ืจืืžื‘ื• - ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืืจื•ื•ืœ

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” ื ืจืฉื

233 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืžื•ื ื™ืงื”

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืžื•ื ื™ืงื” โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื