ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืกื˜ืคืŸ


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ

ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™-ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ ืขืชื™ืง, ื”ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช 'ืกื˜ืคื ื•ืก' (ฮฃฯ„ฮญฯ†ฮฑฮฝฮฟฯ‚), ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” 'ื›ืชืจ' ืื• 'ื–ืจ'. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืžืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง, ื›ืชืจื™ื ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืขื ืงื• ืœืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืชืœื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืœืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื ื›ื‘ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืงื•ื ื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ื”ืฉื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืคื ื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ื“ ืžืขื•ื–ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ืกื˜ืคื ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžืœื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื ืจื’ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ืชื•. ื–ื›ืจื• ื”ืคืš ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื”ืคืš ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืงืŸ ื•ื‘ืกืงื ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื”. ื”ืฉื ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ืืกื˜ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืกื˜ืคื ื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ืช, ื•ืกื˜ืคืืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆื ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื. ื”ืฉื ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืคื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉื“ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื—ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืจื‘-ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื ืขื‘ืจื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™, ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื ืชืคืกื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื—ื–ืง ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ื. ื”ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื•ืฉืื• ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืžืกื•ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.

ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืกึฐื˜ึถืคึธืŸ

ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Stefan | Stephan | Stephen | Steven

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ืœื

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืงื‘ืœื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ื›ืชืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื›ืชืจ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื•ืืคืช ืœืžืขืœื”, ื”ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ืฉื ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื•ืฉืื• ื›ื•ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ

199

=

60

ืก

+

9

ื˜

+

80

ืค

+

50

ืŸ

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ

1

=

60

ืก

+

9

ื˜

+

80

ืค

+

50

ืŸ

=

199

=

1

+

9

+

9

=

19

=

1

+

9

=

10

=

1

+

0

=

1

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ

ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืงืืจื™ - ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ | ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืื“ื‘ืจื’ - ืืœื•ืฃ ื˜ื ื™ืก ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ | ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืงื™ื ื’ - ืกื•ืคืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื | ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืกืคื™ืœื‘ืจื’ - ื‘ืžืื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื ื•ื“ืข | ืกื˜ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ - ืกื•ืคืจ ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ | ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื”ื•ืงื™ื ื’ - ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™

ืฉืžื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืกื˜ืคืŸ

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ ื ืจืฉื

182 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืกื˜ืคืŸ

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืกื˜ืคืŸ โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื