ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืฉึตืื
ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืืœื™ืก


ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก

ืืœื™ืก ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืจืชืงืช, ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช. ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”ืฉื ืื“ืœื”ื™ื™ื“ (Adelheid), ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• "ืืฆื™ืœื”" ืื• "ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืขืžื“ ื ืขืœื”". ื”ืฉื ืขื‘ืจ ืžืกืข ืืจื•ืš ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™. ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื” ืœืžื™ืœื” "ืืœื™ืฅ" - ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ืœืขืœื•ื–, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื• ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-12, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืœื›ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ื”, ืืœื™ืื ื•ืจ ืžืืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืงืจืื” ืœืื—ืช ืžื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ืก. ืžืื–, ื”ืฉื ื”ืคืš ืœืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-19 ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-20, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ื ืชืคืก ื›ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื ืฆืœื™ืœ ื ืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”, ื•ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื ื•ืฉื ืขืžื• ื’ื ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœืžื—ื•ื– ืืœื™ืก ื‘ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•. ืžื—ื•ื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉื ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืงืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ืก ืงืจื•ืœ, "ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช" (1865), ืฉื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ื“ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ืก ืžืกืžืœืช ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ืื•ืžืฅ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ื•ื”ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืฉืžืขื–ื” ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช. ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืฉื ื™ืคื” ื•ืฆืœื™ืœื™, ืืœื ื’ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ืื•ืžืฅ.

ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ืžื ื•ืงื“

ืึธืœึดื™ืก

ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช

Alice | Alyce | Alys | Alicia | Elise

ืืœื™ืก ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ

ื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืช

ื”ืื ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™

ื›ืŸ

ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ืžื”ืงื‘ืœื”

ื‘ืงื‘ืœื”, ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื ื•ืฉื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืชื•ื“ืขื”. ื”ืฉื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™. ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื-ืœ-ื™-ืก ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืžืกืข ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื”ืืœืฃ, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ืืœ ื”ืกืžืš, ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืœืžื“ ืฉืžืกืžืœื™ื ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.

ืขืจืš ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœืฉื ืืœื™ืก

101

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1

ื

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30

ืœ

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10

ื™

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60

ืก

ืขืจืš ื ื•ืžืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื ืืœื™ืก

2

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1

ื

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30

ืœ

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10

ื™

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60

ืก

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101

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1

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0

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1

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2

ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ืก

ืืœื™ืก ืฉืœื–ื™ื ื’ืจ - ืกื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช | ืืœื™ืก ื•ื•ืงืจ - ืกื•ืคืจืช ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื—ืชื ืช ืคืจืก ืคื•ืœื™ืฆืจ | ืืœื™ืก ืงื•ืคืจ - ื–ืžืจ ืจื•ืง ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ | ืืœื™ืก ืžื•ื ืจื• - ืกื•ืคืจืช ืงื ื“ื™ืช ื—ืชื ืช ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ | ืืœื™ืก ืœื™ื™ื“ืœ - ื”ืžื•ื–ื” ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืืœื™ืก ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืคืœืื•ืช

ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก ื ืจืฉื

2149 ืคืขืžื™ื

ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืฉื ืืœื™ืก

* ืžืงื•ืจ: ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืืคืจื™ืœ 2022

ืืœื™ืก โ€” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื | ืฉึตืื